Evidências de Validade da Versão Brasileira da Florida Shock Anxiety Scale para Portadores de Cardioversor-Desfibrilador Implantável / Validity Evidence of the Brazilian Version of the Florida Shock Anxiety Scale for Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators

Resumo Fundamento A despeito da comprovada efetividade do cardioversor-desfibrilador implantável (CDI), as terapias de choque deflagradas pelo dispositivo podem causar níveis elevados de ansiedade e depressão, provocando efeitos deletérios na qualidade de vida. Objetivo Realizar a tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação do instrumento Florida Shock Anxiety Scale (FSAS) para a língua portuguesa falada no Brasil. Métodos Nesse estudo psicométrico, a validade de construto foi realizada pela análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) e confirmatória (AFC) e pela Teoria de Resposta ao Item. Os índices de ajustamento da AFC foram: Robust Mean-Scaled Chi Square/df NNFI, CFI (Comparative Fit Index), GFI (Goodness Fit Index), AGFI (Adjusted Goodness Fit Index), RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) e RMSR (Root Mean Square of Residuals). A confiabilidade foi verificada pelo Alfa de Cronbach, Ômega de McDonald e Greatest Lower Bound. As análises foram realizadas no SPSS 23.0 e Factor 10.8.01, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados A versão final em português do FSAS foi administrada em 151 portadores de CDI, com idade média de 55,7 ± 14,1 anos e predomínio do sexo masculino. A análise paralela indicou que o FSAS é unidimensional, com variância explicada de 64,4%. As correlações variaram de 0,31 a 0,77; as cargas fatoriais de 0,67 a 0,86 e as comunalidades de 0,46 a 0,74. Os índices de ajustamento da AFC estabeleceram-se acima dos limites de qualidade. Encontramos evidências satisfatórias de confiabilidade da escala FSAS. Conclusão O instrumento FSAS-Br apresentou evidências consistentes de validade e confiabilidade, podendo, portanto, ser utilizado em portadores de CDI do Brasil. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(5):764-772)

Abstract Background In spite of proven effectiveness of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), shock therapy delivered by the device may result in increased levels of anxiety and depression, leading to deleterious effects on quality of life. Objective To carry out the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Florida Shock Anxiety Scale (FSAS) scale into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods In this psychometric study, construct validity was performed by exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses, and by item response theory (IRT). The adjustment indexes of the CFA were: Robust Mean-Scaled Chi Square/df NNFI, CFI (Comparative Fit Index), GFI (Goodness Fit Index), AGFI (Adjusted Goodness Fit Index), RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) and RMSR (Root Mean Square of Residuals). Reliability was evaluated through Cronbach's Alpha, McDonald's Omega and Greatest Lower Bound (GLB). The analyses were carried out with the programs SPSS 23 and Factor 10.8.01. A 5 percent significance level was used. Results The final Portuguese version of the FSAS was administered to 151 ICD patients, with a mean age of 55.7 ± 14.1 years, and predominantly male. The parallel analysis indicated that the FSAS is unidimensional, with an explained variance of 64.4%. The correlations ranged from 0.31 to 0.77, factor loadings from 0.67 to 0.86, and communalities from 0.46 to 0.74. The adjustment indexes of the CFA were above the quality threshold. Satisfactory reliability evidence was provided by the FSAS. Conclusions The FSAS-Br showed consistent validity and reliability evidence. Therefore, it can be used in ICD patients in Brazil. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(5):764-772)

Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing psychiatric symptoms in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator: an integrative review

This article is a systematic review of the available literature on the benefits that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) offers patients with implanted cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) and confirms its effectiveness. After receiving the device, some patients fear that it will malfunction, or they remain in a constant state of tension due to sudden electrical discharges and develop symptoms of anxiety and depression. A search with the key words “anxiety”, “depression”, “implantable cardioverter”, “cognitive behavioral therapy” and “psychotherapy” was carried out. The search was conducted in early January 2013. Sources for the search were ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, and PsycINFO. A total of 224 articles were retrieved: 155 from PubMed, 69 from ISI Web of Knowledge. Of these, 16 were written in a foreign language and 47 were duplicates, leaving 161 references for analysis of the abstracts. A total of 19 articles were eliminated after analysis of the abstracts, 13 were eliminated after full-text reading, and 11 articles were selected for the review. The collection of articles for literature review covered studies conducted over a period of 13 years (1998-2011), and, according to methodological design, there were 1 cross-sectional study, 1 prospective observational study, 2 clinical trials, 4 case-control studies, and 3 case studies. The criterion used for selection of the 11 articles was the effectiveness of the intervention of CBT to decrease anxiety and depression in patients with ICD, expressed as a ratio. The research indicated that CBT has been effective in the treatment of ICD patients with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Research also showed that young women represented a risk group, for which further study is needed. Because the number of references on this theme was small, further studies should be carried out.

Qualidade de vida em pacientes com cardioversor desfibrilador implantável: utilização do questionário SF-36 / Quality of life of patients with implantable cardioversor-defibrillator: the usage of SF-36 questionnaire

OBJETIVO: Verificar a qualidade de vida em pacientes portadores de cardioversor desfibrilador implantável (CDI) por meio do Questionário SF-36 MÉTODOS: Pesquisa descritiva com abordagem quantitativa realizada em um ambulatório de Cardiologia, por meio de entrevista e do Questionário SF-36 a 50 portadores de CDI durante a consulta médica de acompanhamento, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2009 RESULTADOS: Dentre os indivíduos incluídos no estudo, 19 (38 por cento) eram do gênero feminino e 31 (62 por cento), do masculino. A idade média foi de 58,4 anos, variando de 21 a 75 anos. Verificaram-se apenas dois domínios abaixo do escore 50, relacionados às limitações por aspectos físicos e emocionais. O domínio aspectos sociais apresentou o maior escore, 80,5. A maioria dos pacientes relatou que sua saúde estava um pouco melhor em comparação ao ano anterior CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados evidenciaram prejuízo na qualidade de vida, demonstrando menores escores nos aspectos físicos e emocionais. Não houve correlação da qualidade de vida com as variáveis idade, gênero, estado civil e nível de escolaridade. Entretanto, os pacientes se sentem aliviados e seguros com os benefícios proporcionados pelo CDI na manutenção de suas vidas, protegendo-os da morte súbita.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the quality of life of patients with implantable cardioversor defibrillator (ICD). METHODS: Descriptive research with quantitative approach by means of an interview and the analysis of the Questionnaire SF-36 in a cardiovascular outpatient service. Fifty patients users of this device participated in this study during their medical follow-up in the period from January to December. RESULTS: Out of the subjects, 19 (38 percent) were female and 31 (62 percent) male. The average age was 58.4 years, ranging from 21 to 75 years. Two domains regarding limitations by physical and emotional aspects below score 50 were observed The social aspects domain presented the higher score; 80,5. Most of the users reported that their health is a little better compared with a year ago. CONCLUSION: The results showed that individuals' quality of life is impaired, with lower scores for physical and emotional aspects. There was not a correlation between quality of life and age, gender, marital status and educational level. However, they feel comfortable and safe with ICD benefits since it provides their maintenance in being alive protecting them of sudden death.